Workshop Technology
A jolt machine is used to

Produce uniform sand hardness throughout the mould
Produce uniform packing of sand in the mould
Ram the sand harder at the pattern face with decreasing hardness towards the back of the mould
Ram the sand harder at the back of the mould and softer on the pattern face

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Workshop Technology
Extrusion

Consists of pressing the metal inside a chamber to force it out by high pressure through an orifice which is shaped to provide the desired form of the finished part
Is used for reducing the diameter of round bars and tubes by rotating dies which open and close rapidly on the work
Is used to improve fatigue resistance of the metal by setting up compressive stresses in its surface
Is extensively used for making bolts and nuts

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Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting

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Workshop Technology
Spot welding is used for welding

Lap joints in plates having thickness above 3 mm
Lap joints in plates having 0.025 mm to 1.25 mm thickness
Butt joints in plates having 0.025 mm to 1.25 mm thickness
Butt joints in plates having thickness above 3 mm

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