Electrical Machines
In a 3 - Φ induction motor

  none of them.
  power factor at starting is low as compared to that while running.
  power factor at starting is high as compared to that while running.
  power factor at starting in the same as that while running.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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