Automobile Engineering in ME
In bias ply tyres

One ply layer runs diagonally one way and another layer runs diagonally the other way
All plies run parallel to one another
Belts of steel mesh are used in the tyres
All of these

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Automobile Engineering in ME
It is necessary to maintain the valve clearances as they

Allow for lengthening of the valves owing to the heat of combustion
Reduce the resistance to sliding that occurs between the cam and the tappet
Increase the speed at which the valves move up and down
Make the crankshaft turn smoothly

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