Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Small downcomer liquid seal
Liquid gradient on the tray
Lower skirt clearance
Lower static submergence

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative evaluation of performance of the packed tower and the plate tower.

In operations involving large temperature changes. (e.g. distillation), plate towers are preferred over packed towers as the packing may be crushed due to large temperature changes
Plate tower is perferred, if interstage cooling is required to remove heats of reaction or solution
The total weight of a dry plate tower is usually much more than that of a dry packed tower designed for the same duty
Plate tower is preferred over packed tower, if the operation involves liquids containing dispersed solids

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