Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Lower static submergence
Liquid gradient on the tray
Small downcomer liquid seal
Lower skirt clearance

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Sub cooling of condensate is desired
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP