Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Lower skirt clearance
Liquid gradient on the tray
Lower static submergence
Small downcomer liquid seal

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a long tube vertical evaporator.

Liquor level is maintained at l/3rd to 1/2 of the height of the tube
Steam is fed to the shell, whereas the liquor is filled inside the tube
None of these
Tube dia is 3-6 cms, while tube length in 3-6 metres

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