Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Lower skirt clearance
Liquid gradient on the tray
Small downcomer liquid seal
Lower static submergence

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger is called the baffle pitch or baffle spacing, which is more than 1/5th the I.D. of the shell. Which of the following is not a function of the baffles?

To increase the tube side heat transfer co-efficient by inducing turbulence
To reduce the induced vibration in the tubes
To increase the residence time of shell side fluid
To provide support to the tube bundle

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