Electrical Machines
In a transformer the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary winding can be increased by

 increasing the number of turns.
 using transformer oil of better quality.
 using the magnetic core of low reluctance.
 using soft material for winding.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  any of the above methods.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.

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