Electrical Machines
In a synchronous machine, if φ is the flux per pole and f is the frequency of the emf induced E then

 E ∝ 1/(φf)
 E ∝ φf
 E ∝ φ/f
 E ∝ f/φ

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Electrical Machines
The residual magnetism of a self-excited dc generator is lost. To build up its emf again

 field winding must be excited by low voltage dc supply
 the field winding connection must be reversed
 the armature connection must be reversed
 the field winding must be replaced

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.

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