Engineering Mechanics
In a screw jack, the effort required to lift the load is given by (where W = Load lifted, α = Helix angle, and φ = Angle of friction.)

P = W tan (α + φ)
P = W tan (α - φ)
P = W cos (α + φ)
P = W tan (φ - α)

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Engineering Mechanics
Which of the following statement is incorrect?

The velocity ratio of a machine is the ratio of load lifted to the effort applied
The ratio of the limiting friction to the normal reaction is called coefficient of friction
A force acting in the opposite direction to the motion of the body is called force of friction
A machine whose efficiency is 100% is known as an ideal machine

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