Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To run the turbine full
To transport water to downstream
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an outward flow reaction turbine

The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel

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