Machine Design
In the calculation of induced shear stress in helical springs, the Wahl's stress factor is used to take care of

Combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire
Combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire

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Machine Design
The shear stress at a point in a shaft subjected to a torque is

Directly proportional to the applied torque and the polar moment of inertia
Directly proportional to the polar moment of inertia and to the distance of the point from the axis
Directly proportional to the applied torque and inversely proportional to the polar moment of inertia
Inversely proportional to the applied torque and the polar moment of inertia

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