DC Generators
In a D.C. generator in order to reduce sparking at brushes, the self-induced e.m.f. in the coil is neutralized by all of the following except

Interpoles
Shifting of axis of brushes
Compensating winding
Dummy coils

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To increase the series flux

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