DC Generators
In a D.C. machine stray loss is the sum of

Shunt field copper loss and mechanical loss
Armature copper loss and iron loss
Total copper loss and mechanical loss
Iron loss and mechanical loss

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DC Generators
While applying Fleming's right-hand rule to and the direction of induced e.m.f., the thumb points towards

Direction of induced e.m.f.
Direction of motion of the conductor if forefinger points in the direction of generated e.m.f.
Direction of flux
Direction of motion of conductor, if forefinger points along the lines of flux

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