Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow

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