Structural Analysis
If there are m unknown member forces, r unknown reaction components and j number of joints, then the degree of static indeterminacy of a pin-jointed plane frame is given by

m – r + 2j
m + r + 2j
m + r – 2j
m + r – 3j

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Structural Analysis
The minimum horizontal distance between two parallel main reinforcing bars, is

The diameter of the bar if their diameters are same
Greatest value of the above
5 mm more than nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate
The diameter of the longer bar if their diameters are unequal

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