Structural Analysis
If there are m unknown member forces, r unknown reaction components and j number of joints, then the degree of static indeterminacy of a pin-jointed plane frame is given by

m + r + 2j
m + r – 2j
m – r + 2j
m + r – 3j

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Structural Analysis
The minimum horizontal distance between two parallel main reinforcing bars, is

The diameter of the longer bar if their diameters are unequal
The diameter of the bar if their diameters are same
5 mm more than nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate
Greatest value of the above

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