Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the water table rises upto ground surface, then the

effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but total stress does not change
total stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but effective stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only but pore water pressure does not change
total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure but effective stress does not change

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
For a loose sand sample and a dense sand sample consolidated to the same effective stress

ultimate strength is same and also peak strength is same
ultimate strength is different but peak strength is same
ultimate strength is same but peak
ultimate strength is same but peak strength of dense sand is greater than that of loose sand

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium

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