Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the water table rises upto ground surface, then the

total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure but effective stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only but pore water pressure does not change
effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but total stress does not change
total stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but effective stress does not change

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the material of the base of the Casagrande liquid limit device on which the cup containing soil paste drops is softer than the standard hard rubber, then

The liquid limit of soil always increases
The liquid limit of soil may increase
The liquid limit of soil may decrease
The liquid limit of soil always decreases

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