Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Rise of water table above the ground surface causes

Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress
Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress
Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these

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