Theory of Machine
For an isochronous Hartnell governor (where r₁ and r₂ = Maximum and minimum radius of rotation of balls respectively, S₁ and S₂ = Maximum and minimum force exerted on the sleeve respectively, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

(m.g - S₁)/(m.g - S₂) = r₂/r₁
(m.g + S₁)/(m.g + S₂) = r₁/r₂
S₂/S₁ = r₁/r₂
S₁/S₂ = r₁/r₂

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body
All of these
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body
The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body

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