Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
If the given forces P₁, P₂, P₃ and P₄ are such that the force polygon does not close, then the system will

Always reduce to a couple
Always reduce to a resultant force
Be in equilibrium
Both (A) and (C)

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
A square hole is punched out of a circular lamina, the diagonal of the square being the radius of the circle. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle, the C.G. of the remainder from the corner of the square on the circumference will be

[r (π + 0.25)]/(π + 0.5)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π - 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π - 0.5)]/(π + 0.25)

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