Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.

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Electrical Machines
Skewing of the rotor in a 3 - Φ squirrel cage induction motor reduces

  noise, parasitic torque, starting torque and pull out torque.
  noise and parasitic torque, but increase starting and pull-out torque.
  noise, parasitic and starting torque, but increase pull out torque.
  noise and pullout torque, but increase parasitic and starting torque.

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