Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when commissioned after a major repair of the field system, failed to build Up voltage. It was because

 field resistance was higher than critical resistance
 field system lost residual magnetism
 field winding was wrongly connected
 there was a break in the armature circuit

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Electrical Machines
In a DC machine the armature mmf is

  stationary with respect to field poles.
  stationary with respect to armature.
 rotating with respect to field poles.
  rotating with respect to field poles as well as armature.

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