RCC Structures Design
If q is the punching shear resistance per unit area a, is the side of a square footing for a column of side b, carrying a weight W including the weight of the footing, the depth (D) of the footing from punching shear consideration, is

D = W (a - b)/4a²bq
D = W (a² - b²)/4a²bq
D = W (a² - b²)/8a²bq
D = W (a² - b²)/4abq

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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