RCC Structures Design
If q is the punching shear resistance per unit area a, is the side of a square footing for a column of side b, carrying a weight W including the weight of the footing, the depth (D) of the footing from punching shear consideration, is

D = W (a - b)/4a²bq
D = W (a² - b²)/8a²bq
D = W (a² - b²)/4abq
D = W (a² - b²)/4a²bq

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RCC Structures Design
If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam

Is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously
Is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, the steel in the tensile zone attains its maximum stress earlier
All listed here
Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier

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RCC Structures Design
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than

42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
24 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column

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