Electrical Machines
If Pi and Pc represent core and full load copper loss respectively, the maximum KVA delivered to load corresponding to maximum efficiency is equal to rated KVA is

 (Pi/Pc)2
 √(Pi/Pc)
 Pc/Pi
 Pi/Pc

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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