RCC Structures Design
If jd is the lever arm and ΣO is the total perimeter of reinforcement of an R.C.C. beam, the bond stress at the section having Q shear force, is

2 × Q/jdƩO
Q/jdƩO
Q/2jdƩO
Q/3jdƩO

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RCC Structures Design
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than

42 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
24 diameters from the centre of the column

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