RCC Structures Design
If jd is the lever arm and ΣO is the total perimeter of reinforcement of an R.C.C. beam, the bond stress at the section having Q shear force, is

Q/jdƩO
Q/3jdƩO
2 × Q/jdƩO
Q/2jdƩO

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)

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