Surveying
If ‘δ’ is the declination of the Polaris and ‘λ’ is the latitude of the place, the azimuth of the Polaris, is

cos (90° - δ)/cos (90° - λ)
cos δ/cos λ
tan (90° + δ)/tan (90° + λ)
sin (90° - δ)/sin (90° - λ)

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

None of these
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier

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Surveying
The cross hairs in the surveying telescope are placed

midway between eye piece and objec-tive lens
much closer to the objective lens than to the eye piece
anywhere between eye-piece and objective lens
much closer to the eye-piece than to the objective lens

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