RCC Structures Design
If C is creep coefficient, f is original pre-stress in concrete, m is modular ratio, E is Young's modulus of steel and e is shrinkage strain, the combined effect of creep and shrinkage is:

(C - 1) mf + eE
(1 - C) mf - eE
(C - 1) mf - eE
(1 - C) mf + eE

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RCC Structures Design
If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam

All listed here
Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier
Is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, the steel in the tensile zone attains its maximum stress earlier
Is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously

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