RCC Structures Design
If C is creep coefficient, f is original pre-stress in concrete, m is modular ratio, E is Young's modulus of steel and e is shrinkage strain, the combined effect of creep and shrinkage is:

(1 - C) mf + eE
(1 - C) mf - eE
(C - 1) mf - eE
(C - 1) mf + eE

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RCC Structures Design
Steel beam theory is used for

Design of simple steel beams
Beams if shear exceeds 4 times allowable shear stress
Steel beams encased in concrete
Doubly reinforced beams ignoring compressive stress in concrete

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RCC Structures Design
As per IS : 456, the reinforcement in a column should not be less than

0.8% and not more than 8% of cross-sectional area
0.6% and not more than 6% of cross-sectional area
0.7% and not more than 7% of cross-sectional area
0.5% and not more than 5% of cross-sectional area

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