Engineering Thermodynamics
If a system after undergoing a series of processes, returns to the initial state then

Its entropy will change due to irreversibility
Sum of heat and work transfer will be zero
Process is thermodynamically in equilibrium
Process is executed in closed system cycle

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Engineering Thermodynamics
Coke is produced

When coal is first dried and then crushed to a fine powder by pulverizing machine
By heating wood with a limited supply of air to a temperature not less than 280°C
When coal is strongly heated continuously for 42 to 48 hours in the absence of air in a closed vessel
From the finely ground coal by moulding under pressure with or without a binding material

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The specific heat at constant volume is

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of gas through one degree, at constant volume
Any one of the above
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water through one degree
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of gas through one degree, at constant pressure

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