Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Guide angle as per the aerofoil theory of Kaplan turbine blade design is defined as the angle between

Lift and tangential force
Drag and resultant force
Lift and resultant force
Lift and drag

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice

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