Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Sub cooling of condensate is desired
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

Tubes to avoid the expansion of high pressure shell construction
Shell side for large overall heat transfer co-efficient
Shell side for smaller total pressure drop
Shell side, if the flow is counter-current and tube side if the flow is co-current

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