Engineering Materials
Free carbon in iron makes the metal

Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

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Engineering Materials
Duralumin contains

4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

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