Heat Transfer
In sub-cooled boiling,

Temperature of the heating surface is less than the boiling point of the liquid
Bubbles from heating surface are absorbed by the mass of the liquid
Temperature of the heating surface is more than the boiling point of the liquid
Very large vapour space is necessary

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Heat Transfer
The advantage of backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed units is that

Equal heat transfer co-efficients exist in various effects
Most concentrated liquid is at highest temperature
There is no additional cost of pumping
Heat sensitive material can be handled

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