Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
None of these

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Total energy per unit discharge
Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum

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