Environmental Engineering
Sludge volume index is defined as the ratio of

Percentage of suspended solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of total solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of suspended solids by weight
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of total solids by weight

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Environmental Engineering
The major disadvantage of lime soda process of water softening is that

It is unsuitable for softening the water of excessive hardness
Huge amount of precipitate is formed which creates a disposal problem
The effluent cannot be reduced to zero hardness
It is unsuitable for turbid and acidic water

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