The total number of the conductor in stranded cable is given by N = 3x2 − 3x + 1 Where x = no. of layer For layer 1 N1 = 3(1)2 − 3(1) + 1 N1 = 1 For layer 2 N2 = 3(2)2 − 3(2) + 1 N2 = 7 In layer 2 no. of conductor = N2 − N1 = 7 − 1 = 6 For layer 3 N3 = 3(3)2 − 3(3) + 1 N3 = 19 In layer 3 no. of conductor = N3 − N2 = 19 − 7 = 12
Penstock Penstock pipe is used to bring water from the dam to the hydraulic turbine. Penstock pipes are made up of steel or reinforced concrete. The turbine is installed at a lower level from the dam. The penstock is provided with a gate valve at the inlet to completely close the water supply. It has a control valve to control the water flow rate into the turbine.
During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct are forward biased and conduct current while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and they act as an open circuit, the current flows through the load.
The average value of the sine wave over one complete cycle is actually zero. Hence, for a sine wave, the average value is defined over half the period. The average value expressed in terms of peak value is given by Average value = 0.637 × peak value
When variable loss becomes equal to the constant loss, efficiency is maximum. Losses = Pi + Pc Since copper loss is a variable loss therefore Losses = Pi + Pi = 2pi Thus at a maximum efficiency of this transformer total loss = 150 x 2 = 300 W
EXAMIANS