Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
When the belt is transmitting maximum power,

The tension in slack side is equal to the centrifugal tension
None of these
The tension in tight side is twice the centrifugal tension
The tension in tight side is thrice the centrifugal tension

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