Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The specific speed of turbine is defined as the speed of a unit

Of such a size that it requires unit power per unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit power
Of such a size that it produces unit horse power with unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit head

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Runaway speed of a hydraulic turbine is

Full load speed
The speed if the turbine runner is allowed to revolve freely without load and with the wicket gates wide open
The speed corresponding to maximum overload permissible
The speed at which turbine runner will be damaged

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)

(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]

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