Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
An irreversible process

Is an idealised visualisation of behaviour of a system
Is the analog of linear frictionless motion in machines
Yields the maximum amount of work
Yields an amount of work less than that of a reversible process

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Which of the following will increase the volume of a real gas by four times ?

Doubling the absolute temperature as well as pressure of the gas
Reducing pressure to one fourth at constant temperature
Reducing the temperature to half and doubling the pressure
Reducing temperature to one fourth at constant pressure

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Free energy

Change during a spontaneous process has a negative value
Decreases in all spontaneous (or irreversible) processes
All of these
Remains unchanged in reversible processes carried at constant temperature and pressure

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