Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is used to

Avoid thermal decomposition of a component
Increase the efficiency of separation
Reduce the number of plates
Increase the total pressure of distillation

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