Heat and Mass Transfer
Depending on the radiating properties, a body will be black when (Where a = absorptivity, p = reflectivity, X = transmissivity.)

P= 1, T = 0 and a = 0
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P = 0, x = 1 and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 0

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Which of the following would lead to a reduction in thermal resistance?

In convection, stirring of the fluid and cleaning the heating surface.
All of these
In conduction, reduction in the thickness of the material and an increase in thermal conductivity.
In radiation, increasing the temperature and reducing the emissivity.

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