Electrical Machines
Flashing of DC generator means

None of these
  creation of residual magnetism by a DC source.
  increasing flux density by providing extra ampere-turns in field.
 neutralization of residual magnetism.

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Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.

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