Process Control and Instrumentation
Continuous flue gas analyser makes use of paramagnetic properties of some of its constituents, which move towards the strongest part of the magnetic field thus displacing diamagnetic gases. Which of the following gases is diamagnetic?

CO₂
NO
O₂
NO₂

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Process Control and Instrumentation
In a second order under damped system, the

None of these
Overshoot (which is a measure of how much the response exceeds the ultimate value) increase with the decrease of damping co-efficient e
Time required for the response of first reach its ultimate value is called the response time
Decay ratio (which is the ratio of the sizes of successive peaks) is equal to the reciprocal of overshoot

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Process Control and Instrumentation
The characteristic equation for the control system with a closed loop transfer function G₁/1 + G₂ is given by 1 + G₂ = 0. The characteristic equation for the control system

All of these
Depends only upon the open loop transfer function
Determines its stability
Is the same for set point or load changes

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