Chemical Reaction Engineering
In case of staged packed bed reactors carrying out exothermic reaction, use

High recycle for pure gas
Cold shot operations for a dilute solution requiring large preheating to bring the stream upto the reaction temperature
All of these
Plug flow for dilute liquid requiring no large preheating of feed

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Chemical Reaction Engineering
The rate expression for a heterogenous catalytic reaction is given by, - rA = K.KA PA(1 + KA.PA + Kr.PR), where K is surface reaction rate constant and KA and KR are absorption equilibrium constants of A and R respectively. If KR PR >> (1 + KA PA), the apparent activation energy EA is equal to (given E is the activation energy for the reaction and ΔHR and ΔHA are the activation energies of adsorption of R and A)

E
E + ΔHA
ΔHA + ΔHR
E + ΔHA - ΔHR

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