Chemical Reaction Engineering
The rate expression for a heterogenous catalytic reaction is given by, - rA = K.KA PA(1 + KA.PA + Kr.PR), where K is surface reaction rate constant and KA and KR are absorption equilibrium constants of A and R respectively. If KR PR >> (1 + KA PA), the apparent activation energy EA is equal to (given E is the activation energy for the reaction and ΔHR and ΔHA are the activation energies of adsorption of R and A)

E + ΔHA - ΔHR
E
E + ΔHA
ΔHA + ΔHR

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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Promoter.

Initiates a chemical reaction and is a catalyst by itself
Atlers the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction
Increases the number of active centres by increasing the unevenness of catalyst surface and by creating discontinuities in the crystals
All of these

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