Workshop Technology
The diaphragm moulding machine is used to

Give uniform sand hardness throughout the mould
Produce uniform packing of sand in the mould
Ram the sand harder at the back of the mould and softer on the pattern face
Ram the sand harder at the pattern face with decreasing hardness towards the back of the mould

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a riser is to

Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Deliver the molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Deliver molten metal into the mould cavity

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