Workshop Technology
The welding set up is said to have straight polarity, when

Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder to the positive terminal
Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder to the negative terminal

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity

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Workshop Technology
Piercing is an operation of cutting

A flat sheet to the desired shape
A cylindrical hole in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die
A number of holes evenly spaced in a regular pattern on a sheet of metal
A hole (other than cylindrical) in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die

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