Engineering Materials
In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

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