Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing

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Engineering Materials
Chromium in steel

Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

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