Engineering Materials
White cast iron

Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

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Engineering Materials
Steel contains

50% or more iron
80% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

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