Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium

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