Plant Structure
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

The redox reactions of electron transport
Creatine phosphate
Glycolysis
ATP

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Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable

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