Plant Structure
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

Creatine phosphate
ATP
Glycolysis
The redox reactions of electron transport

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
Both have their own DNA
Both have their own ribosomes
Both can live and function independently of the cell

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Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

equilibrium metabolism
a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
steady-state metabolism

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