Plant Structure
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

Glycolysis
ATP
The redox reactions of electron transport
Creatine phosphate

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Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium

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