Plant Structure
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

ATP
The redox reactions of electron transport
Glycolysis
Creatine phosphate

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Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
equilibrium metabolism
steady-state metabolism
a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium

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