Plant Structure
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

The redox reactions of electron transport
Glycolysis
ATP
Creatine phosphate

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Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
equilibrium metabolism
a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
steady-state metabolism

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm

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