Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction

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Machine Design
A stud

Has pointed threads
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has both the ends threaded
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined

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