Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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