Concrete Technology and Design of Concrete Structures
Due to circumferential action of the spiral in a spirally reinforced column

Capacity of column is decreased but ductility of column increases
Ductility of column reduces
Both the capacity of column and ductility of column increase
Capacity of column is decreased

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Concrete Technology and Design of Concrete Structures
The critical section for finding maximum bending moment for footing under masonry wall is located

at a distance equal to effective depth of footing from the edge of the wall
at the edge of the wall
halfway between the middle and edge of the wall
at the middle of the wall

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